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Episiotomy, also known as perineotomy, is a surgical incision of the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall generally done by an obstetrician. This is usually performed during the second stage of labor to quickly enlarge the aperture, allowing the baby to pass through.
Reconstructive surgery may be performed to restore what was lost, often with techniques similar to those used in gender-affirming surgery. [14] During childbirth, an episiotomy (cutting part of the tissue between the vagina and the anus) is sometimes performed to increase the amount of space through which the baby may emerge. [13]
Episiotomy – Surgical incision of the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall; Fasciotomy – Surgical procedure where the fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure commonly to treat the resulting loss of circulation to an area of tissue or muscle
The husband stitch or husband's stitch, [1] also known as the daddy stitch, [2] husband's knot and vaginal tuck, [3] is a medically unnecessary and potentially harmful surgical procedure in which one or more additional sutures than necessary are used to repair a woman's perineum after it has been torn or cut during childbirth.
Vaginal stenosis is often caused by radiation therapy to the pelvis, an episiotomy, [3] or other forms of surgical procedures. [4] [5] [6] Chemotherapy can also increase the likelihood of developing vaginal stenosis. [7] Vaginal stenosis can also result from genital reconstructive surgery in people with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. [8]
Rectovaginal fistulas are often the result of trauma during childbirth (in which case it is known as obstetric fistula), with increased risk associated with significant lacerations or interventions are used such as episiotomy or operative (forceps/vacuum extraction) deliveries [2] or in situations where there is inadequate health care, such as in some developing countries.
Perineoplasty (also perineorrhaphy) denotes the plastic surgery procedures used to correct clinical conditions (damage, defect, deformity) of the vagina and the anus. [1] [2] [3] Among the vagino-anal conditions resolved by perineoplasty are vaginal looseness, vaginal itching, damaged perineum, fecal incontinence, genital warts, dyspareunia, vaginal stenosis, vaginismus, vulvar vestibulitis ...
A common anorectal surgery that utilizes pudendal anesthesia is a hemorrhoidectomy. A pudendal nerve block provides a longer duration of pain relief versus the use of superficial local anesthetic or even spinal anesthesia. It also may reduce opioid consumption, shorten hospital stay, and have fewer adverse effects like nausea and vomiting. [11]