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  2. DNA replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_replication

    In molecular biology, [1] [2] [3] DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. [4] DNA replication occurs in all living organisms acting as the most essential part of biological inheritance .

  3. Origin of replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_replication

    More than five decades ago, Jacob, Brenner, and Cuzin proposed the replicon hypothesis to explain the regulation of chromosomal DNA synthesis in E. coli. [18] The model postulates that a diffusible, trans-acting factor, a so-called initiator, interacts with a cis-acting DNA element, the replicator, to promote replication onset at a nearby origin.

  4. Eukaryotic DNA replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_DNA_replication

    The process of semiconservative replication for the site of DNA replication is a fork-like DNA structure, the replication fork, where the DNA helix is open, or unwound, exposing unpaired DNA nucleotides for recognition and base pairing for the incorporation of free nucleotides into double-stranded DNA.

  5. Meselson–Stahl experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meselson–Stahl_experiment

    DNA was extracted periodically and was compared to pure 14 N DNA and 15 N DNA. After one replication, the DNA was found to have intermediate density. Since conservative replication would result in equal amounts of DNA of the higher and lower densities (but no DNA of an intermediate density), conservative replication was excluded.

  6. DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA

    In DNA replication, DNA-dependent DNA polymerases make copies of DNA polynucleotide chains. To preserve biological information, it is essential that the sequence of bases in each copy are precisely complementary to the sequence of bases in the template strand. Many DNA polymerases have a proofreading activity. Here, the polymerase recognizes ...

  7. Replisome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replisome

    The replication of bacteriophage T4 DNA upon infection of E. coli is a well-studied DNA replication system. During the period of exponential DNA increase at 37°C, the rate of elongation is 749 nucleotides per second. [11] The mutation rate during replication is 1.7 mutations per 10 8 base pairs. [12]

  8. S phase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_phase

    Since new DNA must be packaged into nucleosomes to function properly, synthesis of canonical (non-variant) histone proteins occurs alongside DNA replication. During early S-phase, the cyclin E-Cdk2 complex phosphorylates NPAT , a nuclear coactivator of histone transcription. [ 6 ]

  9. Molecular cloning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloning

    Molecular cloning generally uses DNA sequences from two different organisms: the species that is the source of the DNA to be cloned, and the species that will serve as the living host for replication of the recombinant DNA. Molecular cloning methods are central to many contemporary areas of modern biology and medicine.