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Virus quantification is counting or calculating the number of virus particles (virions) in a sample to determine the virus concentration. It is used in both research and development (R&D) in academic and commercial laboratories as well as in production situations where the quantity of virus at various steps is an important variable that must be monitored.
Viral load is reported as copies of HIV RNA in a millilitre (mL) of blood. Changes in viral load are usually reported as a log change (in powers of 10). For example, a three log increase in viral load (3 log10) is an increase of 10 3 or 1,000 times the previously reported level, while a drop from 500,000 to 500 copies would be a three-log-drop ...
The enzyme unit, or international unit for enzyme (symbol U, sometimes also IU) is a unit of enzyme's catalytic activity. [1]1 U (μmol/min) is defined as the amount of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of one micro mole of substrate per minute under the specified conditions of the assay method.
Molar concentration or molarity is most commonly expressed in units of moles of solute per litre of solution. [1] For use in broader applications, it is defined as amount of substance of solute per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available to the species, represented by lowercase : [2]
Colony-forming units are used to quantify results in many microbiological plating and counting methods, including: The pour plate method wherein the sample is suspended in a Petri dish using molten agar cooled to approximately 40–45 °C (just above the point of solidification to minimize heat-induced cell death).
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Lambda (written λ, in lowercase) is a non-SI unit of volume equal to 10 −9 m 3, 1 cubic millimetre (mm 3) or 1 microlitre (μL).Introduced by the BIPM in 1880, [1] the lambda has been used in chemistry [2] and in law for measuring volume, but its use is not recommended.
When using a path length that is shorter than 10mm, the resultant OD will be reduced by a factor of 10/path length. Using the example above with a 3 mm path length, the OD for the 100 μg/mL sample would be reduced to 0.6. To normalize the concentration to a 10mm equivalent, the following is done: 0.6 OD X (10/3) * 50 μg/mL=100 μg/mL