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Evolution of cells refers to the evolutionary origin and subsequent evolutionary development of cells. Cells first emerged at least 3.8 billion years ago [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] approximately 750 million years after Earth was formed.
Eukaryogenesis, the process which created the eukaryotic cell and lineage, is a milestone in the evolution of life, since eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular organisms. The process is widely agreed to have involved symbiogenesis , in which an archeon and a bacterium came together to create the first eukaryotic ...
Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. [1] [2] It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more or less common within a population over successive generations. [3]
In biology, evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. Biological populations evolve through genetic changes that correspond to changes in the organisms ' observable traits .
Origin of programmed cell death – Death of a cell mediated by intracellular program, often as part of development Origin of avian flight – Evolution of birds from non-flying ancestors Evolution of biological complexity – Tendency for maximum complexity to increase over time, though without any overall direction
Unlike in the case of normal cells, state switching in cancer cells is widely believed to arise due to somatic mutations. [4] However, there is growing concern that such a deterministic view of a phenomenon that is reversible is not entirely consistent with multiple lines of evidence which indicate that stochasticity may also play an important ...
The preconditions to the development of a living cell like the LUCA are clear enough, though disputed in their details: a habitable world is formed with a supply of minerals and liquid water. Prebiotic synthesis creates a range of simple organic compounds, which are assembled into polymers such as proteins and RNA.
Evolutionary developmental biology is primarily concerned with the ways in which evolution affects development, [2] and seeks to unravel the causes of evolutionary innovations. [ 3 ] The approach is relatively new, but has roots in Schultz's The physical distinctions of man, from the 1940s.