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Information Society Service (ISS) - the term was initially introduced on 22 June 1998 by Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council by describing procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations in Article 1(2) of Directive 98/34 definition of ISS - ‘any service normally provided for remuneration, at a distance, by ...
Originally the ISS was planned to be a 15-year mission. [72] Therefore, an end of mission had been worked on, [73] but was several times postponed due to the success and support for the operation of the station. [74] As a result, the oldest modules of the ISS have been in orbit for more than 20 years, with their reliability having decreased. [73]
Expeditions are numbered starting from one and sequentially increased with each expedition. Resupply mission crews and space tourists are excluded (see List of human spaceflights to the ISS for details). ISS commanders are listed in italics. "Duration" is the period of time between the crew's launch from Earth and until their decoupling from ...
This is a list of crew to the International Space Station, in alphabetical order. Current ISS crew names are in bold. The suffix (twice, thrice, ...) refers to the individual's number of spaceflights to the ISS, not the total number of spaceflights. Entries are noted with for women and for men. This list only includes crew members of the ISS.
Humans have been on the ISS on a temporary basis since December 1998 and on a permanent basis since November 2000. The permanent occupation of the station is carried out by core crews, who usually stay for six months. Along with this, space shuttles have also been to the ISS during the construction of the station.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 January 2025. Inhabited space station in low Earth orbit (1998–present) "ISS" redirects here. For other uses, see ISS (disambiguation). International Space Station (ISS) Oblique underside view in November 2021 International Space Station programme emblem with flags of the original signatory states ...
Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) are a series of flights awarded by NASA for the delivery of cargo and supplies to the International Space Station (ISS) on commercially operated spacecraft. [ 1 ] The first phase of CRS contracts (CRS-1) were signed in 2008 and awarded $1.6 billion to SpaceX for twelve Dragon 1 and $1.9 billion to Orbital ...
The process of assembling the International Space Station (ISS) has been under way since the 1990s. Zarya , the first ISS module, was launched by a Proton rocket on 20 November 1998. The STS-88 Space Shuttle mission followed two weeks after Zarya was launched, bringing Unity , the first of three node modules, and connecting it to Zarya .