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The Kingdom of Mapungubwe (pronounced / m ɑː ˈ p uː n ɡ uː b w eɪ / mah-POON-goob-weh) was an ancient [a] state located at the confluence of the Shashe and Limpopo rivers in South Africa, south of Great Zimbabwe. The capital's population was 5,000 by 1250, and the state likely covered 30,000 km² (12,000 square miles). [6] [1]: 50
Mapungubwe was the center of a kingdom with about 5,000 people living at its center. Mapungubwe as a trade center lasted between 1220 and 1300 AD. The people of Mapungubwe mined and smelted copper, iron and gold, spun cotton, made glass and ceramics, grew millet and sorghum, and tended cattle, goats and sheep. [8]
The Kingdom of Mapungubwe lasted about 80 years, and at its height its population was about 5,000 people. [14] [15] The first European historical records about these people begin in the late 15th century, with the beginning of European exploration. The first historical record of South Africa dates to 1488, by Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias.
The Mapungubwe people, a Bantu-speaking group of migrants from present-day South Africa, inhabited the Great Zimbabwe site from about AD 1000 - 1550, intermarrying with san bushmen people the native shona talk of this as the story of the tavara being the bantu and shava being the bushmen . From about 1100, the fortress took shape, reaching its ...
The Lemba, Remba, or Mwenye [1] are an ethnic group which is native to South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe of mixed Bantu and Yemeni heritage. Within South Africa, they are particularly concentrated in the Limpopo province (historically around Sekhukuneland) and the Mpumalanga province.
The Kingdom of Mapungubwe was the first in a series of sophisticated trade states developed in Zimbabwe by the time of the first European explorers from Portugal. They traded in gold, ivory and copper for cloth and glass. From about 1250 until 1450, Mapungubwe was eclipsed by the Kingdom of Zimbabwe.
It flourished from the 11th to 13th centuries, being a predecessor to the Kingdom of Mapungubwe. The ruins have survived because much of the complex was built in stone. The site contains a large mound, some 180 metres in diameter, and covers an area of about 5 hectares. It is surrounded on three sides by sandstone cliffs (Wood 2005:86).
Makalaka or Amakhalanga is a general designation used by the Bechuana, Matabele, and kindred peoples, for the Bantu groups who had their Mapungubwe kingdom north of the area of the said groups. [1] The Makalaka people are believed to have had rainmaking powers and because of this,were substantially different from the other Bantu peoples.