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Français Tirailleur, a pidgin language [1] spoken in West Africa by soldiers in the French Colonial Army, approximately 1850–1960. Tây Bồi Pidgin French, pidgin language spoken in former French Colonies in Indochina, primarily Vietnam
A creole language is a stable natural language developed from a mixture of different languages. Unlike a pidgin , a simplified form that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups, a creole language is a complete language, used in a community and acquired by children as their native language .
A pidgin is not the native language of any speech community, but is instead learned as a second language. [4] [5] A pidgin may be built from words, sounds, or body language from a multitude of languages as well as onomatopoeia. As the lexicon of any pidgin will be limited to core vocabulary, words with only a specific meaning in the lexifier ...
A creole language, [2] [3] [4] or simply creole, is a stable natural language that develops from the process of different languages simplifying and mixing into a new form (often a pidgin), and then that form expanding and elaborating into a full-fledged language with native speakers, all within a fairly brief period. [5]
Over a thousand known languages were spoken by various peoples in North and South America prior to their first contact with Europeans. These encounters occurred between the beginning of the 11th century (with the Nordic settlement of Greenland and failed efforts in Newfoundland and Labrador) and the end of the 15th century (the voyages of Christopher Columbus).
Indo-Portuguese creoles are the several Portuguese creoles spoken in the erstwhile Portuguese Indian settlements, Cochin Portuguese Creole, Fort Bassein, Goa and Damaon, Portuguese Ceylon etc; in present-day India and Sri Lanka. These creoles are now mostly extinct or endangered.
Pidgin English is a non-specific name used to refer to any of the many pidgin languages derived from English. Pidgins that are spoken as first languages become creoles . English-based pidgins that became stable contact languages, and which have some documentation, include the following:
Nagamese ("Naga Pidgin") is an Assamese-lexified creole language. Depending on location, it has also been described and classified as an "extended pidgin" or "pidgincreole". [2] [3] Spoken natively by an estimated 4 million people in the Indian northeastern state of Nagaland, it developed primarily as a means of marketplace and trade communication.