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Underfloor heating pipes, before they are covered by the screed. Underfloor heating and cooling is a form of central heating and cooling that achieves indoor climate control for thermal comfort using hydronic or electrical heating elements embedded in a floor.
The ground floor with a slab on grade has less temperature rise compared to middle and top floors, and an increase of the supply air temperature causes a decrease in the temperature rise. The temperature rise is not significantly affected by the perimeter zone orientation, the internal heat gain and the window-to-wall ratio. [16]
Operative temperature or PMV should be calculated at 0.6 m for seated occupants, 1.1 m for standing occupants, and the mean height of the body for horizontal occupants. [10] Local discomfort caused by floor temperature and radiant temperature asymmetry should be measured at the floor surface and at the occupants’ locations, respectively. [12]
The first of the cooling load factors used in this method is the CLTD, or the Cooling Load Temperature Difference. This factor is used to represent the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor air with the inclusion of the heating effects of solar radiation. [1] [5] The second factor is the CLF, or the cooling load factor.
Heating films can be directly installed to provide underfloor heating, wall radiant heating and ceiling radiant heating. The films can also be used in heating panels to produce wall or ceiling panel heaters. Although heating films do not usually run at very high temperatures (typically 30 °C (86 °F) on floors and up to 40 °C (104 °F) on ...
Radiant heating and cooling originated as separate systems but now share a similar form. Radiant heating has a long history in Asia and Europe. The earliest systems, from as early as 5000 BC, were found in northern China and Korea. Archaeological findings show kang and dikang, heated beds and floors in ancient Chinese homes. Kang originated in ...