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The Ai (Hebrew: הָעַי, romanized: hāʿAy, lit. 'the heap (of ruins)'; Douay–Rheims : Hai) was a city in Canaan , mentioned in the Hebrew Bible . According to the Book of Joshua , it was conquered by the Israelites , headed by Joshua , during their conquest of Canaan.
While a number of biblical place names like Jerusalem, Athens, Damascus, Alexandria, Babylon and Rome have been used for centuries, some have changed over the years. Many place names in the Land of Israel, Holy Land and Palestine are Arabised forms of ancient Hebrew and Canaanite place-names used during biblical times [1] [2] [3] or later Aramaic or Greek formations.
Canaan [i] [1] [2] was a Semitic-speaking civilization and region of the Southern Levant in the Ancient Near East during the late 2nd millennium BC.Canaan had significant geopolitical importance in the Late Bronze Age Amarna Period (14th century BC) as the area where the spheres of interest of the Egyptian, Hittite, Mitanni, and Assyrian Empires converged or overlapped.
The Sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II was the first of this type of inscription found anywhere in the Levant (modern Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Palestine and Syria). [1] [2]The Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions, also known as Northwest Semitic inscriptions, [3] are the primary extra-Biblical source for understanding of the societies and histories of the ancient Phoenicians, Hebrews and Arameans.
Proto-Canaanite, also referred to as Proto-Canaan, Old Canaanite, or Canaanite, [5] is the name given to either a script ancestral to the Phoenician or Paleo-Hebrew script with undefined affinity to Proto-Sinaitic, [7] or to the Proto-Sinaitic script (c. 16th century BC), when found in Canaan. [8] [9] [10] [11]
Jarmuth was an Amorite city in Canaan at the time of the Israelite settlement recorded in the Hebrew Bible.According to Joshua 10:3–5, its king, Piram, was one of five kings who formed an alliance to attack Gibeon in response to Gibeon making a treaty with the Israelites led by Joshua, who had recently conquered the cities of Jericho and Ai.
The main sources of Classical Hebrew are the Hebrew Bible and inscriptions such as the Gezer calendar and Khirbet Qeiyafa pottery shard. All of the other Canaanite languages seem to have become extinct by the early first millennium AD except Punic , which survived into late antiquity (or possibly even longer).
The English term Canaan (pronounced / ˈ k eɪ n ən / since c. AD 1500, due to the Great Vowel Shift) comes from the Hebrew כנען (knʿn), via Greek Χαναάν Khanaan and Latin Canaan. It appears as KUR ki-na-ah-na in the Amarna letters (14th century BC), and knʿn is found on coins from Phoenicia in the last half of the 1st millennium.