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[3] In 1964, another translation was published by M. G. Venkatakrishnan, whose second edition appeared in 1998. [1] [2] [4] In 1967, another translation was published under the title "Uttar Ved." [3] In 1982, a translation of 700 couplets of the Kural text was published under the title "Satsai." [3] There was yet another Hindi translation in ...
The primary contrast between the two systems is the role of written decisions and precedent as a source of law (one of the defining features of common law legal systems). [42] [15] While Common law systems place great weight on precedent, [90] civil law judges tend to give less weight to judicial precedent. [91]
These past decisions are called "case law", or precedent. Stare decisis—a Latin phrase meaning "let the decision stand"—is the principle by which judges are bound to such past decisions, drawing on established judicial authority to formulate their positions.
Precedent is a judicial decision that serves as an authority for courts when deciding subsequent identical or similar cases. [1] [2] [3] Fundamental to common law legal systems, precedent operates under the principle of stare decisis ("to stand by things decided"), where past judicial decisions serve as case law to guide future rulings, thus promoting consistency and predictability.
Literal translation Definition and use English pron a fortiori: from stronger An a fortiori argument is an "argument from a stronger reason", meaning that, because one fact is true, a second (related and included) fact must also be true. / ˌ eɪ f ɔːr t i ˈ oʊ r aɪ, ˌ eɪ f ɔːr ʃ i ˈ oʊ r aɪ / a mensa et thoro: from table and bed
Obiter dictum (usually used in the plural, obiter dicta) is a Latin phrase meaning "other things said", [1] that is, a remark in a legal opinion that is "said in passing" by any judge or arbitrator. It is a concept derived from English common law , whereby a judgment comprises only two elements: ratio decidendi and obiter dicta .
Three Judges Cases (in which the Court established precedent regarding appointment of judges while ensuring absolute independence of the judiciary from the Legislature and the Executive): S.P. Gupta v. Union of India & Anr. (Transfer Case (civil) 19 of 1981; 1982 2 SCR 365)
The order of precedence of the Republic of India is a list in which the functionaries, dignitaries and officials are listed for ceremonial purposes and has no legal standing and does not reflect the Indian presidential line of succession or the co-equal status of the separation of powers under the Constitution of India.