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The bread is made by mixing rye and wheat flour, water, salt, yeast and a leavening agent into a dough, which is formed into a round shape. After 70 to 90 minutes, the surface is cut with a knife to create a decorative lozenge pattern and the bread is baked first at a high, then at a moderate temperature until the crust is crunchy.
Flour Water Salt Yeast: The Fundamentals of Artisan Bread and Pizza (Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed Press, 2012, ISBN 160774273X, 978-1607742739); The Elements of Pizza: Unlocking the Secrets to World-Class Pies at Home (Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed Press, 2016, ISBN 160774838X, 978-1607748380)
Old dough (pâte fermentée) may be made with yeast or sourdough cultures, and in essence consists of a piece of dough reserved from a previous batch, with more flour and water added to feed the remaining flora. Because this is a piece of old dough, it has the typical ingredient of salt to distinguish it from other pre-ferments.
According to Bapton, sugar and salt technically never expire. But some of the ingredients added to salt, like iodine, can start to break down, so try to use it within 5 years.
When flour is mixed with water, the water-soluble proteins dissolve, leaving the glutenin and gliadin to form the structure of the resulting bread. When relatively dry dough is worked by kneading , or wet dough is allowed to rise for a long time (see no-knead bread ), the glutenin forms strands of long, thin, chainlike molecules, while the ...
My favorite way to use chickpea flour is to make a flatbread, or socca, a simple dough made of chickpea flour, water, salt, and extra virgin olive oil. Add traditional pizza toppings or breakfast ...