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Volume 1: History and Fundamentals ("covers bread history, health, and the fundamentals of science for bakers: microbiology, heat and energy, and the physics of water") Volume 2: Ingredients ("detailed look at the ingredients of bread—from the grains that become flour, to yeast and other ingredients that have Modernist applications")
It is traditionally prepared using only bread flour, salt, a leavening agent and water. [1] Brioche – has a high egg and butter content, which gives it a rich, tender and tight crumb. [1] Croissant – a buttery, flaky, French viennoiserie pastry inspired by the shape of the Austrian kipferl but using the French yeast-leavened laminated dough ...
The Chorleywood bread process (CBP) is a method of efficient dough production to make yeasted bread quickly, producing a soft, fluffy loaf. Compared to traditional bread-making processes, CBP uses more yeast, added fats, chemicals, and high-speed mixing to allow the dough to be made with lower-protein wheat, and produces bread in a shorter time.
Prior to 1920, there were two basic kinds of breads, naturally leavened French bread, [38] and Vienna bread leavened with cereal press yeast, an early form of baker's yeast. After 1920, when mixing machines became popular among bakers, [ 36 ] rural bakers began to make more sponge doughs and city bakers more straight doughs, both replacing ...
When flour is mixed with water, the water-soluble proteins dissolve, leaving the glutenin and gliadin to form the structure of the resulting bread. When relatively dry dough is worked by kneading , or wet dough is allowed to rise for a long time (see no-knead bread ), the glutenin forms strands of long, thin, chainlike molecules, while the ...
Sourdough baking requires minimal equipment and simple ingredients – flour, salt, and water – but invites practice. [19] Purism is a part of the appeal. As described by one enthusiast, "If you take flour, water, (wild) yeast and salt, and play around with time and temperature, what comes out of the oven is something utterly transformed."
Shortcrust pastry is the simplest and most common pastry. It is made with flour, fat, butter, salt, and water to bind the dough. [18] Pâte brisée is the French version of classic pie or tart shortcrust pastry. [19] The process of making pastry includes mixing of the fat and flour, adding water, chilling and then rolling out the dough.
In this usage, synonyms for sponge are yeast starter or yeast pre-ferment. [3] [note 1] In French baking the sponge and dough method is known as levain-levure. [4] The method is reminiscent of the sourdough or levain methods; however, the sponge is made from all fresh ingredients prior to being used in the final dough. [5] [note 2]