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Irish and British robins are largely resident but a small minority, usually female, migrate to southern Europe during winter, a few as far as Spain. Scandinavian and Russian robins migrate to Britain and western Europe to escape the harsher winters.
The American robin rejects cowbird eggs, so brood parasitism by the brown-headed cowbird is rare, and the parasite's chick does not often survive to fledging. [41] In a study of 105 juvenile robins, 77.1% were infected with endoparasites, Syngamus sp. being the most commonly encountered, in 57.1% of the birds. [42]
Migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south, undertaken by many species of birds. Migration is marked by its annual seasonality and movement between breeding and non-breeding areas. [16] Nonmigratory bird movements include those made in response to environmental changes including in food availability, habitat, or weather.
It is a mainly resident breeder in eastern and southern Africa, though some adults and juveniles may migrate more than 100 km [15] to lower, warmer regions in winter. [3] In their winter refuges, they may coexist with several other species of robin. [7] Some are however year-round residents even at high altitudes. [7]
Complete migration is when all individuals migrate, partial migration is when some individuals migrate while others do not, and differential migration is when the difference between migratory and non-migratory individuals is based on discernible characteristics like age or sex. [5]
The Australasian robin family was first introduced in 1888, as a subfamily with the spelling Petroecinae, by the English ornithologist Alfred Newton. [ 1 ] Although named after true robins , the Australian robins, along with many other insect-eating birds, were originally classified as flycatchers in a huge family Muscicapidae . [ 2 ]
The rose robin (Petroica rosea) is a small passerine bird native to Australia. Like many brightly coloured robins of the Petroicidae , it is sexually dimorphic . The male has a distinctive pink breast.
The female scarlet robin has a more pronounced red flush to the breast and the spot on the forehead above the bill is more prominent and white rather than off-white. [13] The flame robin's calls are grouped into louder and quieter calls; the former can be heard from 150 m (490 ft) away, while the latter, which are often briefer, from 30 m (98 ...