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Canavan disease was first described in 1931 by Myrtelle Canavan. [17] In 1931, she co-wrote a paper discussing the case of a child who had died at 16 months old and whose brain had a spongy white section. Canavan was the first to identify this degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, which was later named Canavan disease. [18]
The first case of spongy degeneration of the CNS was reported in 1928 by Globus and Strauss, [42] who designated the case as Schilder's disease, a term for diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis. [43] [44] [45] In 1931, Canavan reported a case where the megalencephaly of brain degeneration is different from that caused by a tumour. [46]
Canavan disease is a less-studied type of leukodystrophy that, like MLD and Krabbe disease, is also inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. It is due to a mutation in the ASPA gene that encodes aspartoacylase , an enzyme needed to metabolize N-acetyl-L-aspartate (NAA).
Urine NAA was reduced to levels associated with mild Canavan disease (average reduction of 64% +/- 14% twelve months after receiving low dose and 73% +/- 13% three months after the high dose) NAA in CSF was reduced an average of 70% +/- 10% twelve months after receiving the low dose.
Canavan disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that causes spongy degeneration of the white matter in the brain and severe psychomotor retardation, usually leading to death at a young age. [ 12 ] [ 20 ] The loss of aspartoacylase activity leads to the buildup of N-acetyl-L-aspartate in the brain and an increase in urine concentration by ...
“Canavan disease is an extremely rare and rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease that prevents most children from meeting basic developmental milestones, such as crawling, walking, speaking, and even holding their heads up. It is a terminal diagnosis with no approved treatment to date.
Enzyme replacement therapy is available to treat mainly Fabry disease and Gaucher disease, and people with these types of sphingolipidoses may live well into adulthood. The other types are generally fatal by age 1 to 5 years for infantile forms, but progression may be mild for juvenile- or adult-onset forms.
A. Schematic initial progression of Lewy body deposits in the first stages of Parkinson's Disease, as proposed by Braak and colleagues. B. Localization of the area of significant brain volume reduction in initial PD compared with a group of participants without the disease in a neuroimaging study which concluded that brain stem damage may be the first identifiable stage of PD neuropathology. [1]