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The hardness of synthetic diamond (70–150 GPa) is very dependent on the relative purity of the crystal itself. The more perfect the crystal structure, the harder the diamond becomes. It has been reported that HPHT single crystals and nanocrystalline diamond aggregates (aggregated diamond nanorods) can be harder than natural diamond. [25]
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About 50% of tungsten is used in tungsten carbide, with the remaining major use being alloys and steels: less than 10% is used other compounds. [ 23 ] Tungsten is the only metal in the third transition series that is known to occur in biomolecules , being found in a few species of bacteria and archaea .
Diamond (Mohs 10) is 1500 (off scale). Diamond was the hardest known naturally occurring mineral when the scale was designed, and defines the top of the scale, arbitrarily set at 10. The hardness of a material is measured against the scale by finding the hardest material that the given material can scratch, or the softest material that can ...
Tungsten carbide (chemical formula: WC) is a chemical compound (specifically, a carbide) containing equal parts of tungsten and carbon atoms. In its most basic form, tungsten carbide is a fine gray powder, but it can be pressed and formed into shapes through sintering [7] for use in industrial machinery, engineering facilities, [8] molding blocks, [9] cutting tools, chisels, abrasives, armor ...
Tungsten was used in hammer throw balls at least up to 1980; the minimum size of the ball was increased in 1981 to eliminate the need for what was, at that time, an expensive metal (triple the cost of other hammers) not generally available in all countries. [182] Tungsten hammers were so dense that they penetrated too deeply into the turf. [183]
A material 400 times harder than diamond, the 12th Doctor spends 4.5 billion years in a confession dial in the episode "Heaven Sent", continually dying and being recreated, taking the aforementioned 4.5 billion years to make it out of the confession dial by punching through an Azbantium wall.
More than 20 other minerals have higher dispersion (that is difference in refractive index for blue and red light) than diamond, such as titanite 0.051, andradite 0.057, cassiterite 0.071, strontium titanate 0.109, sphalerite 0.156, synthetic rutile 0.330, cinnabar 0.4, etc. (see Dispersion (optics)). [24]