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Phosphoric acid in soft drinks has the potential to cause dental erosion. [34] Phosphoric acid also has the potential to contribute to the formation of kidney stones, especially in those who have had kidney stones previously. [35] Specific applications of phosphoric acid include: in anti-rust treatment by phosphate conversion coating or passivation
Since the ends are condensed, its formula has one less H 2 O (water) than tripolyphosphoric acid. The general formula of a phosphoric acid is H n−2x+2 P n O 3n−x+1, where n is the number of phosphorus atoms and x is the number of fundamental cycles in the molecule's structure; that is, the minimum number of bonds that would have to be ...
Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC) are a type of fuel cell that uses liquid phosphoric acid as an electrolyte. They were the first fuel cells to be commercialized. Developed in the mid-1960s and field-tested since the 1970s, they have improved significantly in stability, performance, and cost. Such characteristics have made the PAFC a good ...
Phosphoric-acid fuel cells (PAFC) comprise the largest segment of existing CHP products worldwide and can provide combined efficiencies close to 90%. [95] [96] Molten carbonate (MCFC) and solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are also used for combined heat and power generation and have electrical energy efficiencies around 60%. [97]
It essentially provided an iron phosphating process, using phosphoric acid. An improved patent application for manganese phosphating based in large part on this early British iron phosphating process was filed in the US in 1912, and issued in 1913 to Frank Rupert Granville Richards as U.S. patent 1,069,903.
A major appeal of this route is the low cost of phosphoric acid compared to phosphorus oxychloride. OP(OH) 3 + ROH → OP(OH) 2 (OR) + H 2 O. P 2 O 5 is the anhydride of phosphoric acid and acts similarly. The reaction yields equimolar amounts of di- and monoesters with no phosphoric acid.