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In mathematics, exponentiation, denoted b n, is an operation involving two numbers: the base, b, and the exponent or power, n. [1] When n is a positive integer, exponentiation corresponds to repeated multiplication of the base: that is, b n is the product of multiplying n bases: [1] = ⏟.
This algorithm calculates the value of x n after expanding the exponent in base 2 k. It was first proposed by Brauer in 1939. In the algorithm below we make use of the following function f(0) = (k, 0) and f(m) = (s, u), where m = u·2 s with u odd. Algorithm: Input
If the sum is of the form = ()where ƒ is a smooth function, we could use the Euler–Maclaurin formula to convert the series into an integral, plus some corrections involving derivatives of S(x), then for large values of a you could use "stationary phase" method to calculate the integral and give an approximate evaluation of the sum.
Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... This template lists various calculations and the names of their results.
Inputs An integer b (base), integer e (exponent), and a positive integer m (modulus) Outputs The modular exponent c where c = b e mod m. Initialise c = 1 and loop variable e′ = 0; While e′ < e do Increment e′ by 1; Calculate c = (b ⋅ c) mod m; Output c; Note that at the end of every iteration through the loop, the equation c ≡ b e ...
The field of real numbers R, or (R, +, ·, 0, 1) as it may be written to highlight that we are considering it purely as a field with addition, multiplication, and special constants zero and one, has infinitely many exponential functions. One such function is the usual exponential function, that is E(x) = e x, since we have e x+y = e x e y and e ...
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The definition of exponentiation can also be given by transfinite recursion on the exponent β. When the exponent β = 0, ordinary exponentiation gives α 0 = 1 for any α. For β > 0, the value of α β is the smallest ordinal greater than or equal to α δ · α for all δ < β. Writing the successor and limit ordinals cases separately: α 0 = 1.