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The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services has an additional TB classification for immigrants and refugees developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [3] The B notification program is an important screening strategy to identify new arrivals who have a high risk for TB.
Children represent a susceptible population with increasing rates of MDR and XDR-TB. Since diagnosis in pediatric patients is difficult, large number of cases are not properly reported. Cases of pediatric XDR-TB have been reported in most countries including the United States. [82] In 2006 an outbreak of XDR-TB South Africa was first reported ...
In a recently published metaanalysis, [26] with data from both developed and developing countries, QuantiFERON-TB Gold In Tube had a pooled sensitivity for active TB of 81% and specificity of 99.2%, whereas T-SPOT.TB had a pooled sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 86.3%. In head-to-head comparisons, the sensitivity of IGRAs surpassed TST.
Children less than four years of age, or children and adolescents exposed to adults in high-risk categories; 15 mm or more is positive in Persons with no known risk factors for TB [13] A tuberculin test conversion is defined as an increase of 10 mm or more within a two-year period, regardless of age.
The Heaf test, a diagnostic skin test, was long performed to determine whether or not children had been exposed to tuberculosis infection. The test was named after F. R. G. Heaf . Also known as the Sterneedle test , [ 1 ] it was administered by a Heaf gun (trademarked "Sterneedle"), [ 2 ] a spring-loaded instrument with six needles arranged in ...
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The Tygerberg score is a clinical decision tool that allows the clinician to decide whether pericarditis is due to tuberculosis or not. It uses five variables: Weight loss (1 point) Night sweats (1 point) Fever (2 points) Serum globulin >40 g/L (3 points) Blood leukocyte count <10 × 10 9 /l (3 points)
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