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The perak is a symbol among the Ladakh of the rank and economic status of the woman wearing it. [1] Traditionally, the number of front-to-back rows of turquoise signified the status of the wearer: nine rows for the queen of Leh (the Ladakh capital), seven rows for the more modern aristocracy, five for the marvels, and three for the lower ranks.
Lapis lazuli (UK: / ˌ l æ p ɪ s ˈ l æ z (j) ʊ l i, ˈ l æ ʒ ʊ-,-ˌ l i /; US: / ˈ l æ z (j) ə l i, ˈ l æ ʒ ə-,-ˌ l i /), or lapis for short, is a deep-blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color.
Lapis lazuli scarab belonging to Sithathoriunet with the name of Amenemhat III, 1887–1813 BC, MET Group of scarabs, MET. Scarabs are amulets and impression seals shaped according to the eponymous beetles, which were widely popular throughout ancient Egypt.
The stone of the middle heaven is described: "The stone whose appearance is like lapis-lazuli is named saggilmud-stone,” [2]: 11 The stone of the upper heavens is then described as “The stone whose appearance is red, covered with white and black patches is named (of) luludānītu stone. [2]: 10 "
The most significant archaeological evidence comes from the Royal Cemetery of Ur, where hundreds of burials dating 2900–2300 BC were unearthed; tombs such as that of Puabi contained a multitude of artefacts in gold, silver, and semi-precious stones, such as lapis lazuli crowns embellished with gold figurines, close-fitting collar necklaces ...
Queen Puabi's headgear contains four different wreaths. The first two wreaths are almost identical, with twenty gold poplar leaves separated by two strings of lapis lazuli and carnelian beads. [1] The importation of materials for the headdress demonstrates Ur's political and cultural significance as a hub of maritime and commercial trade. [4]
Lapis lazuli, a semi-precious stone, has been mined in Afghanistan for more than three thousand years, and was exported to all parts of the ancient world. [9] Blue glazed faience ornaments have been found to have been produced during 4th millennium Indus Valley civilization (present day India and Pakistan). [10]
It is more likely that the term sappir referred to a mineral of similar color to sapphires and that the name gradually came to refer to the latter mineral on account of its color; scholars think the most likely candidate is lapis lazuli, a stone with a deep, ocean-blue color which was frequently sent as a gift to Akhenaten from Babylon.