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Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin with cosmetic and dermatologic applications, such as treating hyperhidrosis, removing facial lines and wrinkles. Among the serotypes A to G, Botulinum toxin type A is the major type used for aesthetic and clinical purposes. Before injection, it has to be reconstituted using sterile saline as a diluent. The ...
Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox), is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. [24] It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction , thus causing flaccid paralysis . [ 25 ]
Facial rejuvenation procedures experienced the most growth, as 2013 marked the highest number of botulinum toxin type A injections to date, with 6.3 million injections. [7] A significant upward trend on the number of facial rejuvenation procedures is predicted, [5] and could be due to the following factors:
Botox is also used after some forehead lift procedures to increase the effects of the surgeries. [2] Endoscopic surgery is often employed in forehead lifts. [3] An endoscope is a surgical system with thin, pencil-sized arms that are inserted through three to five incisions about 3/8 of an inch long.
In the majority of cases, and especially in the elderly and the unfit, botulinum toxin injection is the treatment of first choice. Imaging procedures should be done in all unusual cases of hemifacial spasm and when surgery is contemplated. [14] Patients with hemifacial spasm were shown to have decreased sweating after botulinum toxin injections.
This effect has led some to describe the post-injection look as “reptilian.” Person undergoing a beauty treatment, highlighting a controversial trend warned by doctors. Image credits: doctoryoun
Aesthetic medicine is a branch of modern medicine that focuses on altering natural or acquired unwanted appearance through the treatment of conditions including scars, skin laxity, wrinkles, moles, liver spots, excess fat, cellulite, unwanted hair, skin discoloration, spider veins [1] and or any unwanted externally visible appearance.
Along with some strains of Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium baratii, these bacteria all produce the toxin. [2] Botulinum toxin can cause botulism, a severe flaccid paralytic disease in humans and other animals, [3] and is the most potent toxin known to science, natural or synthetic, with a lethal dose of 1.3–2.1 ng/kg in humans. [4] [5]