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  2. Molar ionization energies of the elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_ionization_energies...

    The first molar ionization energy applies to the neutral atoms. The second, third, etc., molar ionization energy applies to the further removal of an electron from a singly, doubly, etc., charged ion. For ionization energies measured in the unit eV, see Ionization energies of the elements (data page). All data from rutherfordium onwards is ...

  3. Ionization energies of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization_energies_of_the...

    The first of these quantities is used in atomic physics, the second in chemistry, but both refer to the same basic property of the element. To convert from "value of ionization energy" to the corresponding "value of molar ionization energy", the conversion is: 1 eV = 96.48534 kJ/mol 1 kJ/mol = 0.0103642688 eV [12]

  4. Ionization energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization_energy

    Ionization energy trends plotted against the atomic number, in units eV.The ionization energy gradually increases from the alkali metals to the noble gases.The maximum ionization energy also decreases from the first to the last row in a given column, due to the increasing distance of the valence electron shell from the nucleus.

  5. Periodic trends - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_trends

    The ionization energy is the minimum amount of energy that an electron in a gaseous atom or ion has to absorb to come out of the influence of the attracting force of the nucleus. It is also referred to as ionization potential. The first ionization energy is the amount of energy that is required to remove the first electron from a neutral atom.

  6. Koopmans' theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koopmans'_theorem

    For example, the electronic configuration of the H 2 O molecule is (1a 1) 2 (2a 1) 2 (1b 2) 2 (3a 1) 2 (1b 1) 2, [10] where the symbols a 1, b 2 and b 1 are orbital labels based on molecular symmetry. From Koopmans’ theorem the energy of the 1b 1 HOMO corresponds to the ionization energy to form the H 2 O + ion in its ground state (1a 1) 2 ...

  7. Carbon monoxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide

    Carbon monoxide (chemical formula CO) is a poisonous, flammable gas that is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and slightly less dense than air. Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom connected by a triple bond. It is the simplest carbon oxide. In coordination complexes, the carbon monoxide ligand is called carbonyl. It is ...

  8. Molecular orbital diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital_diagram

    In carbon monoxide (CO, isoelectronic with dinitrogen) the oxygen 2s orbital is much lower in energy than the carbon 2s orbital and therefore the degree of mixing is low. The electron configuration 1σ 2 1σ* 2 2σ 2 2σ* 2 1π 4 3σ 2 is identical to that of nitrogen.

  9. Standard enthalpy of formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_enthalpy_of_formation

    IE Li, the first ionization energy of gaseous lithium. B(F–F), the standard enthalpy of atomization (or bond energy) of fluorine gas. EA F, the electron affinity of a fluorine atom. U L, the lattice energy of lithium fluoride. The sum of these enthalpies give the standard enthalpy of formation (Δ f H) of lithium fluoride: