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Today, the parallel port interface is virtually non-existent in new computers because of the rise of Universal Serial Bus (USB) devices, along with network printing using Ethernet and Wi-Fi connected printers. The parallel port interface was originally known as the Parallel Printer Adapter on IBM PC-compatible computers.
The LapLink cable connects five output pins of a parallel port to five input pins on the opposing port for each direction. Due to the lack of internal timing in the parallel ports, synchronization is implemented via software handshaking: four pins are used for data transfer and one is used for synchronization.
Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) is a network protocol standard for Ethernet that provides seamless failover against failure of any network component. This redundancy is invisible to the application. PRP nodes have two ports and are attached to two separated networks of similar topology.
In addition to the IEEE link aggregation substandards, there are a number of proprietary aggregation schemes including Cisco's EtherChannel and Port Aggregation Protocol, Juniper's Aggregated Ethernet, AVAYA's Multi-Link Trunking, Split Multi-Link Trunking, Routed Split Multi-Link Trunking and Distributed Split Multi-Link Trunking, ZTE's ...
Accton Etherpocket-SP parallel port Ethernet adapter (c. 1990). Supports both coaxial and twisted pair cables. Power is drawn from a PS/2 port passthrough cable. Ethernet was developed at Xerox PARC between 1973 and 1974 [4] [5] as a means to allow Alto computers to communicate with each other. [6]
An IEEE 1284 36-pin female on a circuit board. In the 1970s, Centronics developed the now-familiar printer parallel port that soon became a de facto standard.Centronics had introduced the first successful low-cost seven-wire print head [citation needed], which used a series of solenoids to pull the individual metal pins to strike a ribbon and the paper.
In general, parallel interfaces are quoted in B/s and serial in bit/s. The more commonly used is shown below in bold type. On devices like modems , bytes may be more than 8 bits long because they may be individually padded out with additional start and stop bits; the figures below will reflect this.
Parallel versus serial communication In data transmission , parallel communication is a method of conveying multiple binary digits ( bits ) simultaneously using multiple conductors. This contrasts with serial communication , which conveys only a single bit at a time; this distinction is one way of characterizing a communications link .