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However, an active randomized controlled trial showed that a mobile-based mindfulness app with extensive self-assessment features may have long-term benefits for attentional control in healthy participants. [44] Mindfulness influences non-directed attention and other things like emotional well-being. [43]
There are several exercises designed to develop mindfulness meditation, which may be aided by guided meditations "to get the hang of it". [9] [70] [note 3] As forms of self-observation and interoception, these methods increase awareness of the body, so they are usually beneficial to people with low self-awareness or low awareness of their bodies or emotional state.
[6] [11] [12] The alpha blocking phenomenon, observed as a state change in brain function, was investigated as a possible trait change as well. One study that examined a variety of meditation techniques tried to show that alpha blocking was affected by the long term practice of meditation by testing response to auditory stimuli. [ 13 ]
The FFMQ has been translated into and validated for many languages, including Swedish [2] and French. [3] Recently, scholars have also started to rely upon the FFMQ to develop computational models of mindfulness wherein mindfulness is viewed as a set of interrelated skills constitutive of mindfulness. [4]
[1] [2] She is widely known as the "mother of mindfulness" [3] and the "mother of positive psychology". [4] Langer studies the illusion of control, decision-making, aging, and mindfulness theory. [5] [2] Her most influential work is Counterclockwise, published in 2009, the first test of her mind/body unity theory. [6]
A central therapeutic technique of CFT is compassionate mind training, [2] [3] which teaches the skills and attributes of compassion. [4] Compassionate mind training helps transform problematic patterns of cognition and emotion related to anxiety, anger, shame and self-criticism. [1]: 208 Biological evolution forms the theoretical backbone of CFT.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) therapy is a mindfulness-based program (MBP) designed for stress management and used to treat other conditions. [1] [2] It is structured as an eight to ten week group program. [3] MBSR was developed in the late 1970s by Jon Kabat-Zinn at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center.
Mindfulness is a non-judgmental, receptive mind state in which individuals observe their thoughts and feelings as they are, without trying to suppress or deny them. [2] Conversely, mindfulness requires that one not be "over-identified" with mental or emotional phenomena, so that one suffers aversive reactions. [ 3 ]