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A review of historical literature shows that Spence himself never wrote that adipose or breast-tissue extends into the axilla. He only published that surgeons should not operate on breast cancer if they found "an undefined tail-like projection creeping up from the breast towards the axilla”, as though referring to the tumor tissue itself. [6]
In some cases, the accessory breast may not be visible at the surface. In these cases, it may be possible to distinguish their appearance from normal breast tissue with MRI. [1] In other cases, accessory breasts have been known to lactate, as illustrated in a drawing showing a child nursing at ectopic breast tissue on the lateral thigh. [2]
The periareolar glands of Montgomery in the breast are also called Montgomery tubercles or Morgagni tubercles. These periareolar glands are small, papular tissue projections at the edge of the areola (nipple).Obstruction of the Montgomery tubercles may result in an acute inflammation, a clear or light brownish fluid may drain out of the areola (nipple discharge), and an subareolar mass may ...
Tubular carcinoma is a subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. [2] [3] More rarely, tubular carcinomas may arise in the pancreas [4] or kidney. [5] Most tubular carcinomas begin in the milk duct of the breast and spread to healthy tissue around it. [6] [7]
Anatomic pathology relates to the processing, examination, and diagnosis of surgical specimens by a physician trained in pathological diagnosis. Clinical pathology involves the laboratory analysis of tissue samples and bodily fluids; procedures may include blood sample analysis, urinalysis, stool sample analysis, and analysis of spinal fluid ...
Usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH) is a benign lesion of the breast wherein cells look very similar to normal. It is a spectrum of changes that can range from minimal stratification of cells to proliferations that are just short of atypical ductal hyperplasia .
The Triple Nipple Club is a documentary shown on Channel 4 which explored the biological mystery of the supernumerary nipple. [9] First broadcast on 2 January 2008, it was directed and produced by Dan Louw and commissioned as part of Channel 4's First Cut series. [10]
In addition, larger masses can stretch the overlying breast tissue leading to nipple retraction, chest wall fixation, and in advanced cases, ulceration from pressure necrosis. [ 6 ] Phyllodes tumors can grow to a variety of sizes, ranging from 0.8 to 40 cm, with the average tumor growing to between 4 and 8 cm. [ 7 ] Their growth can be slow ...