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At around age 4, children develop an adult-like pattern of bowel movements (1-2 stools/day). The median onset of functional constipation in children is at 2.3 years old, with girls and boys being similarly affected. [2] Children benefit from scheduled toilet breaks, once early in the morning and 30 minutes after meals.
Constipation is the most common chronic gastrointestinal disorder in adults. Depending on the definition employed, it occurs in 2% to 20% of the population. [18] [58] It is more common in women, the elderly and children. [58] Specifically constipation with no known cause affects females more often affected than males. [59]
Encopresis is commonly caused by constipation in children, [4] by reflexive withholding of stool, by various physiological, psychological, or neurological disorders, or from surgery (a somewhat rare occurrence).
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[61] [non-primary source needed] This caused autonomic nerve damage resulting in constipation and obstructed defecation after the surgery. [61] [non-primary source needed] Ventral rectopexy was developed in 2004 as a modification which would not destroy these nerves, since only the ventral/anterior surface (the front surface) is mobilized.
Most children develop signs and symptoms shortly after birth. However, others may be diagnosed later in infancy or early childhood. [4] [5] About half of all children with Hirschsprung's disease are diagnosed in the first year of life. [4] Complications may include enterocolitis, megacolon, bowel obstruction and intestinal perforation. [1] [2]