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Beyond adverse effects from the herb itself, "adulteration, inappropriate formulation, or lack of understanding of plant and drug interactions have led to adverse reactions that are sometimes life threatening or lethal." [3] Most of the adverse effects stated in this list are associated with only a small percentage of cases; they should be ...
Among these effects are antimicrobial activity, [33] [34] antiviral activity [35] and antineoplastic activity, [36] [37] acetylcholinesterase inhibition, [38] [39] and gastric ulcers treatment. [40] Antimicrobial activity of several PAs have been identified as having mild to strong effect against bacteria: E. coli and P. chrysogenum. [33]
One of those substances displays a specific cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells. [85] Hippophae rhamnoides: Sea buckthorn: The leaves are used as herbal medicine to alleviate cough and fever, pain, and general gastrointestinal disorders as well as to cure dermatologic disorders.
The drug was originally intended as an anti-cancer drug. [2] The anti-viral activity of vidarabine was first described by M. Privat de Garilhe and J. De Rudder in 1964. [3] It was the first nucleoside analog antiviral to be given systemically and was the first agent to be licensed for the treatment of systemic herpes virus infection in humans. [4]
Subsequently, Samuel Broder, Hiroaki Mitsuya, and Robert Yarchoan in the National Cancer Institute (NCI) found that ddA and ddI could inhibit HIV replication in the test tube and conducted initial clinical trials showing that didanosine had activity in patients infected with HIV. On behalf of the NCI, they were awarded patents on these activities.
It is a popular misconception that herbal medicines are safe and side-effect free. [35] Consumption of herbs may cause adverse effects. [36] Furthermore, "adulteration, inappropriate formulation, or lack of understanding of plant and drug interactions have led to adverse reactions that are sometimes life threatening or lethal."
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