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The dominant producers of iodine today are Chile and Japan. Due to its high atomic number and ease of attachment to organic compounds, it has also found favour as a non-toxic radiocontrast material. Because of the specificity of its uptake by the human body, radioactive isotopes of iodine can also be used to treat thyroid cancer.
It isolates iodine recovered from brine produced from oil and gas operations that would otherwise be wasted. [2] It is the second-largest producer of iodine in North America, [3] which currently imports the vast majority of its iodine. [4] Iodine has numerous applications in human health, biocides, the manufacture of acetic, and many other areas.
Iodine-125 (125 I) is a radioisotope of iodine which has uses in biological assays, nuclear medicine imaging and in radiation therapy as brachytherapy to treat a number of conditions, including prostate cancer, uveal melanomas, and brain tumors. It is the second longest-lived radioisotope of iodine, after iodine-129.
Four inorganic compounds are used as iodide sources, depending on the producer: potassium iodate, potassium iodide, sodium iodate, and sodium iodide. Any of these compounds supplies the body with the iodine required for the biosynthesis of thyroxine (T 4) and triiodothyronine (T 3) hormones by the thyroid gland.
Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile (SQM) is a Chilean chemical company and a supplier of plant nutrients, iodine, lithium and industrial chemicals. It is the world's biggest lithium producer. [2] SQM's natural resources and its main production facilities are located in the Atacama Desert in Tarapacá and Antofagasta regions.
Iodine trichloride, which exists in the solid state as the planar dimer I 2 Cl 6, is a bright yellow solid, synthesised by reacting iodine with liquid chlorine at −80 °C; caution is necessary during purification because it easily dissociates to iodine monochloride and chlorine and hence can act as a strong chlorinating agent.