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Toxocariasis is an illness of humans caused by the dog roundworm (Toxocara canis) and, less frequently, the cat roundworm (Toxocara cati). [1] These are the most common intestinal roundworms of dogs, coyotes, wolves and foxes and domestic cats, respectively. [2]
Eggs are deposited in feces of dogs, becoming infectious after 2–4 weeks. [8] Dogs ingest infectious eggs, allowing the eggs to hatch and the larval form of the parasite to penetrate through the gut wall. In dogs under 3 months of age, the larvae hatch in the small intestine, get into the bloodstream, migrate through the liver, and enter the ...
The 15 to 60 cm long and about 5 mm wide taenia taeniaeformis (hydatigera or taenia taeniaeformis, also called cat tapeworm) parasitizes in the small intestine. It is a common tapeworm in cats, only exceptionally occurring in other carnivores. The shed tapeworm members leave the anus with feces or by active migration.
They parasitize in the small intestine and cause anemia and damage to the intestinal mucosa by sucking blood.[19] At about 5–15 mm, the worms are only about one-tenth the length of roundworms, have a hook-shaped angled front end (hence the name "hookworm") and a large mouth capsule with cutting plates.
Intestinal parasites produce a variety of symptoms in those affected, most of which manifest themselves in gastrointestinal complications and general weakness. [1] Gastrointestinal conditions include inflammation of the small and/or large intestine, diarrhea/dysentery, abdominal pains, and nausea/vomiting.
Symptoms in cats include fever, weight loss, diarrhea, vomiting, uveitis, and central nervous system signs. Disease in dogs includes paralysis, tremors, and seizures. Dogs and cats are usually treated with clindamycin. [9] Genus Neospora has one important species, N. caninum, which affects dogs in a manner similar to toxoplasmosis.
Echinococcus granulosus, also called the hydatid worm or dog tapeworm, is a cyclophyllid cestode that dwells in the small intestine of canids as an adult, but which has important intermediate hosts such as livestock and humans, where it causes cystic echinococcosis, also known as hydatid disease.
Acetaminophen (paracetamol, Tylenol) can cause liver damage in dogs. The toxic dose is 150 mg/kg. [174] Ibuprofen * can cause gastrointestinal irritation, stomach ulcers, and kidney damage in dogs. [175] Naproxen (Aleve)* has a long half-life in dogs and can cause gastrointestinal irritation, anemia, melena (digested blood in feces), and vomiting.