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  2. Small arms ammunition pressure testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_arms_ammunition...

    [4] [5] [6] The Kistler ballistic pressure measurement sensor 6215 has a maximum working pressure of 600 MPa (87,023 psi) and is mounted recessed inside the cartridge case (the face of high-pressure sensor does not contact the cartridge case) and requires that the test cartridge case have a hole drilled in it prior to testing. The test ...

  3. Stopping power - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopping_power

    Stopping power is the ability of a weapon – typically a ranged weapon such as a firearm – to cause a target (human or animal) to be incapacitated or immobilized. Stopping power contrasts with lethality in that it pertains only to a weapon's ability to make the target cease action, regardless of whether or not death ultimately occurs.

  4. Chamber pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber_pressure

    Thus, the ideal gas law can be used to express the difference in pressure as the bullet travels along the barrel: [6] P 1 (V 1) κ =P 2 (V 2) κ. or. P 2 =P 1 (V 1 /V 2) κ. where: P 1 is the initial pressure; P 2 is the pressure acting against the tail of the bullet at a given point; V 1 is the internal case capacity, or volume of the loaded ...

  5. Internal ballistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_ballistics

    With high-powered cartridges, a significant amount of force is required to engrave the bullet which can raise the pressure in the chamber above the maximum design pressure. Higher-powered rifles usually have a longer freebore so that the bullet is allowed to gain some momentum, allowing the and the chamber pressure to drop slightly before the ...

  6. Transitional ballistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_ballistics

    Schlieren High-Speed Video Of Shotshell Transitional Intermediate Ballistics. Transitional ballistics, also known as intermediate ballistics, [1] is the study of a projectile's behavior from the time it leaves the muzzle until the pressure behind the projectile is equalized, so it lies between internal ballistics and external ballistics. [2] [3 ...

  7. Scoring gauge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoring_gauge

    To give an example of the difference, consider using a cone shape gauge to score a .22 Long Rifle bullet hole (with the .22 LR having a bullet diameter between 5.7 and 5.73 mm), the tip of the scoring gauge might have a diameter of 5 mm and a gauge base measuring 5.6 mm in diameter.

  8. Terminal ballistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_ballistics

    Bullet parts: 1 metal jacket, 2 lead core, 3 steel penetrator. Terminal ballistics is a sub-field of ballistics concerned with the behavior and effects of a projectile when it hits and transfers its energy to a target. Bullet design (as well as the velocity of impact) largely determines the effectiveness of penetration. [1]

  9. Handgun effectiveness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handgun_effectiveness

    These can increase the odds of striking a part of the central nervous system. For example, a popular caliber in the United States is .45 ACP. It is among the largest practical handgun calibers in use, featuring a .452 inches (11.5 mm) diameter bullet. With well-made expanding ammunition, a .452 bullet often expands to .70 caliber or larger.