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Data initialization may occur without explicit syntax in a program to do so. For example, if static variables are declared without an initializer, then those of primitive data types are initialized with the value of zero of the corresponding type, while static objects of class type are initialized with their default constructors.
In C#, a static constructor is a static data initializer. [4]: 111–112 Static constructors are also called class constructors. Since the actual method generated has the name .cctor they are often also called "cctors". [5] [6] Static constructors allow complex static variable initialization. [7] Static constructors are called implicitly when ...
C# 3.0 introduced type inference, allowing the type specifier of a variable declaration to be replaced by the keyword var, if its actual type can be statically determined from the initializer. This reduces repetition, especially for types with multiple generic type-parameters , and adheres more closely to the DRY principle.
A singleton implementation may use lazy initialization in which the instance is created when the static method is first invoked. In multithreaded programs, this can cause race conditions that result in the creation of multiple instances. The following Java 5+ example [6] is a thread-safe implementation, using lazy initialization with double ...
This is typically accomplished by augmenting an accessor method (or property getter) to check whether a private member, acting as a cache, has already been initialized. If it has, it is returned straight away. If not, a new instance is created, placed into the member variable, and returned to the caller just-in-time for its first use.
Instance variable initializers and instance initializers (in the order they appear in the source code) The constructor body; Like in C#, a new object is created by calling a specific constructor. Within a constructor, the first statement may be an invocation of another constructor.
/*Ruby has three member variable types: class, class instance, and instance. */ class Dog # The class variable is defined within the class body with two at-signs # and describes data about all Dogs *and* their derived Dog breeds (if any) @@sniffs = true end mutt = Dog. new mutt. class. sniffs #=> true class Poodle < Dog # The "class instance variable" is defined within the class body with a ...
Notably, a constructor is a class method as there is no object (instance) available until the object is created, but destructors, initializers, and finalizers are instance methods. Further, constructors and initializers often can accept arguments, while destructors and finalizers generally do not as they are often implicitly callable.