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Gravity has had an effect on the development of animal life since the first single-celled organism. The size of single biological cells is inversely proportional to the strength of the gravitational field exerted on the cell. That is, in stronger gravitational fields the size of cells decreases, and in weaker gravitational fields the size of ...
The relationship between telomeres and longevity and changing the length of telomeres is one of the new fields of research on increasing human lifespan and even human immortality. [1] [2] Telomeres are sequences at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division and determine the lifespan of cells. [3]
Among the most commonly used cell lines are HeLa and Jurkat, both of which are immortalized cancer cell lines. [4] These cells have been and still are widely used in biological research such as creation of the polio vaccine, [5] sex hormone steroid research, [6] and cell metabolism. [7] Embryonic stem cells and germ cells have also been ...
[10] [2] Their analysis supported the hypothesis that improved DNA repair leads to longer life span. Overall, they concluded that while the complexity of responses to DNA damage remains only partly understood, the idea that DNA damage accumulation with age is the primary cause of aging remains an intuitive and powerful one.
A study published in November 2024 in Nature found that adipose (fat) tissue cells retain a memory of obesity even after weight loss, which could contribute to the yo-yo weight loss effect ...
As metabolic rate increases, the lifespan of an organism is expected to decrease as a direct result. The rate at which this occurs is not fixed and thus the -45° slope in this graph is just an example and not a constant. The rate of living theory postulates that the faster an organism's metabolism, the shorter its lifespan.
The metabolic stability theory of aging suggests it is the cells ability to maintain stable concentration of ROS which is the primary determinant of lifespan. [37] This theory criticizes the free radical theory because it ignores that ROS are specific signalling molecules which are necessary for maintaining normal cell functions. [37]
In the process of plant roots growing in the direction of gravity by gravitropism, high concentrations of auxin move towards the cells on the bottom side of the root. This suppresses growth on this side, while allowing cell elongation on the top of the root. As a consequence of this, curved growth occurs and the root is directed downwards. [3]