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X-linked sideroblastic anemia: This is the most common congenital cause of sideroblastic anemia and involves a defect in ALAS2, [7] which is involved in the first step of heme synthesis. Although X-linked, approximately one third of patients are women due to skewed X-inactivation (lyonizations).
Hematometra typically presents as cyclic, cramping pain in the midline of the pelvis or lower abdomen. [1] Patients may also report urinary frequency and urinary retention . [ 2 ] Premenopausal women with hematometra often experience abnormal vaginal bleeding, including dysmenorrhea (pain during menstruation ) or amenorrhea (lack of ...
The side effects of cyproterone acetate (CPA), a steroidal antiandrogen and progestin, including its frequent and rare side effects, have been studied and characterized.It is generally well-tolerated and has a mild side-effect profile, regardless of dosage, when it used as a progestin or antiandrogen in combination with an estrogen such as ethinylestradiol or estradiol valerate in women.
Cushing's syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms due to prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids such as cortisol. [4] [9] [10] Signs and symptoms may include high blood pressure, abdominal obesity but with thin arms and legs, reddish stretch marks, a round red face due to facial plethora, [11] a fat lump between the shoulders, weak muscles, weak bones, acne, and fragile skin that heals ...
Haemochromatosis is protean in its manifestations, i.e., often presenting with signs or symptoms suggestive of other diagnoses that affect specific organ systems.Many of the signs and symptoms below are uncommon, and most patients with the hereditary form of haemochromatosis do not show any overt signs of disease nor do they have premature morbidity, if they are diagnosed early, but, more ...
Weight gain; Other symptoms may depend on the cause of the cysts: [6] Symptoms that may occur if the cause of the cysts is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) may include increased facial hair or body hair, acne, obesity and infertility. If the cause is endometriosis, then periods may be heavy, and intercourse painful.
Besides physical symptoms, endometriosis can have an effect on the mental health and social life of people. [14] Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms and medical imaging; [3] however, a definitive diagnosis is made through laparoscopy (excision is the gold standard) and biopsy. [3]
A study in The BMJ, with over 1.6 million women, found that users of vaginal rings with ethinylestradiol and etonogestrel have a 6.5 times increased risk of venous thrombosis compared to non-users. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] Epidemiological studies have shown that oral contraceptives that contain desogestrel can increase the risk of blood clots (venous ...