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Cost–benefit analysis (CBA), sometimes also called benefit–cost analysis, is a systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives.It is used to determine options which provide the best approach to achieving benefits while preserving savings in, for example, transactions, activities, and functional business requirements. [1]
Triple bottom line (TBL or 3BL) is an accounting framework widely adopted by large organizations since its introduction in 1994 by John Elkington. [9] Organizations can use it to evaluate their performance in a broader perspective to create greater business value [10] or to make decisions on where to allocate resources for the highest organizational return for all key stakeholders.
Value in marketing, also known as customer-perceived value, is the difference between a prospective customer's evaluation of the benefits and costs of one product when compared with others. Value may also be expressed as a straightforward relationship between perceived benefits and perceived costs: Value = Benefits - Cost .
Consumer behavior models – practical models used by marketers. They typically blend both economic and psychological models. They typically blend both economic and psychological models. In an early study of the buyer decision process literature, Frank Nicosia (Nicosia, F. 1966; pp 9–21) identified three types of buyer decision-making models.
This model suggests that customers buy products or services from an organization to have access to its unique knowledge. The advantage is static, rather than dynamic, because the purchase is a one-time event. The unlimited resources model utilizes competitors by practicing a differentiation strategy. An organization with greater resources can ...
Where there is excess demand, sellers can benefit by increasing the price. The inverse applies to excess supply. Production theory; Production theory describes the quantity of a good a business chooses to produce. [17] This decision is informed by a variety of factors, including raw material inputs, labor, and capital costs like machinery. [17]
Social exchange theory is a sociological and psychological theory that studies the social behavior in the interaction of two parties that implement a cost-benefit analysis to determine risks and benefits. The theory also involves economic relationships—the cost-benefit analysis occurs when each party has goods that the other parties value. [1]
Indeed many alternative models exist in econometrics, marketing, sociometrics and other fields, including utility maximization, optimization applied to consumer theory, and a plethora of other identification strategies which may be more or less accurate depending on the data, sample, hypothesis and the particular decision being modelled.