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Minka (Japanese: 民家, lit. "folk houses") are vernacular houses constructed in any one of several traditional Japanese building styles. In the context of the four divisions of society , Minka were the dwellings of farmers, artisans, and merchants (i.e., the three non- samurai castes ). [ 1 ]
Japanese design is based strongly on craftsmanship, beauty, elaboration, and delicacy. The design of interiors is very simple but made with attention to detail and intricacy. This sense of intricacy and simplicity in Japanese designs is still valued in modern Japan as it was in traditional Japan. [89]
In the 1980s, a new home in Japan cost 5-8 times the annual income of the average Japanese, and 2-3 times that of an average American. [9] The typical loan term for Japanese homes was 20 years, with a 35% down payment, while in the United States it was 30 years and 25%, due to differing practices in their financial markets.
The Tōmatsu house from Funairi-chō, Nagoya, is an example of a large machiya. Machiya façade in Kyoto Old fabric shop in Nara. Machiya (町屋/町家) are traditional wooden townhouses found throughout Japan and typified in the historical capital of Kyoto.
Plan of an Edo nagaya neighbourhood; houses range from 4.5 to 16 tatami in area (visible in full-scale view) Old depiction of a nagaya. Nagaya (長屋, lit. ' longhouse ') is a type of Japanese rowhouse that was typical during the Edo period (1603–1868). [1]
The moya is one big space partitioned by portable screens (see List of partitions of traditional Japanese architecture). Guests and residents of the house are seated on mats, laid out separately on a polished wooden floor. As the style developed, the moya became a formal, public space, and the hisashi was divided into private spaces. [5]
Traditional Japanese architecture uses post-and-lintel structures – vertical posts, connected by horizontal beams. Rafters are traditionally the only structural member used in Japanese timber framing that are neither horizontal nor vertical. The rest of the structure is non-load-bearing. [1] [2]
Shoin-zukuri (Japanese: 書院造, 'study room architecture') is a style of Japanese architecture developed in the Muromachi, Azuchi–Momoyama and Edo periods that forms the basis of today's traditional-style Japanese houses.