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Label of a UMTS router with MAC addresses for LAN and WLAN modules. A MAC address (short for medium access control address or media access control address) is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) for use as a network address in communications within a network segment.
The ICMP Router Advertisement message is sent by a router on the local area network to announce its IP address as available for routing. When a host boots up, it sends solicitation messages to IP multicast address 224.0.0.2. [4] In response, one or more routers may send advertisement messages. If there is more than one router, the host usually ...
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) is a proprietary data link layer protocol developed by Cisco Systems in 1994 [1] by Keith McCloghrie and Dino Farinacci. It is used to share information about other directly connected Cisco equipment, such as the operating system version and IP address.
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a communication protocol for discovering the link layer address, such as a MAC address, associated with a internet layer address, typically an IPv4 address. The protocol, part of the Internet protocol suite , was defined in 1982 by RFC 826 , which is Internet Standard STD 37.
Also shown in this example (shaded in yellow) is the network's connection to the Internet via fixed-line means. A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, campus, or building, [1] [2] [3] and has its network equipment and interconnects locally managed. LANs facilitate ...
The network controller implements the electronic circuitry required to communicate using a specific physical layer and data link layer standard such as Ethernet or Wi-Fi. [a] This provides a base for a full network protocol stack, allowing communication among computers on the same local area network (LAN) and large-scale network communications through routable protocols, such as Internet ...
A router in a local area network (LAN) of a single organization is called an interior router. A router that is operated in the Internet backbone is described as exterior router. While a router that connects a LAN with the Internet or a wide area network (WAN) is called a border router, or gateway router. [24]
TCP/IP defines the addresses 192.168.4.0 (network ID address) and 192.168.4.255 (broadcast IP address). The office's hosts send packets to addresses within this range directly, by resolving the destination IP address into a MAC address with the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) sequence and then encapsulates the IP packet into a MAC frame ...