Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Disulfiram is a medication used to support the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to ethanol (drinking alcohol). Disulfiram works by inhibiting the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (specifically the ALDH2 enzyme [3]), causing many of the effects of a hangover to be felt immediately following alcohol consumption.
Disulfiram-alcohol reaction (DAR) is the effect of the interaction in the human body of alcohol drunk with disulfiram or some types of mushrooms. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The DAR is key to disulfiram therapy that is widely used for alcohol-aversive treatment and management of other addictions (e.g. cocaine [ 3 ] [ 4 ] use).
However, some do not act via inhibition of this enzyme, and instead act via other, poorly elucidated mechanisms. Unlike acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors and other disulfiram-like drugs, alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors such as fomepizole (brand name Antizol) inhibit the metabolism of alcohol into acetaldehyde, thereby increasing and ...
The international pictogram for oxidizing chemicals. Dangerous goods label for oxidizing agents. An oxidizing agent (also known as an oxidant, oxidizer, electron recipient, or electron acceptor) is a substance in a redox chemical reaction that gains or "accepts"/"receives" an electron from a reducing agent (called the reductant, reducer, or electron donor).
The chemical structure of Ixazomib, now commonly used as a treatment for cancer. Disulfiram has been proposed as another proteasome inhibitor. [10] [11] [12] Epigallocatechin-3-gallate has also been proposed. [13] Marizomib (salinosporamide A) has started clinical trials for multiple myeloma.
A similar mutation is found in about 5–10% of blond-haired blue-eyed people of Northern European descent. [7] In these people, acetaldehyde accumulates after drinking alcohol, leading to symptoms of acetaldehyde poisoning, including the characteristic flushing of the skin and increased heart and respiration rates. [7]
In contrast to irreversible inhibitors, reversible inhibitors generally do not undergo chemical reactions when bound to the enzyme and can be easily removed by dilution or dialysis. A special case is covalent reversible inhibitors that form a chemical bond with the enzyme, but the bond can be cleaved so the inhibition is fully reversible.
The tetramethyl derivative, known as thiram, is a widely used fungicide.The tetraethyl derivative, known as disulfiram, is commonly used to treat chronic alcoholism.It produces an acute sensitivity to alcohol ingestion by blocking metabolism of acetaldehyde by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, leading to a higher concentration of the aldehyde in the blood, which in turn produces symptoms of a severe ...