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  2. Conservation and restoration of silver objects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and...

    Silver is known in the chemistry world as a noble metal, which means it is resistant to corrosion, but not completely immune. Whether silver plating or pure silver, the composite of the metal will tarnish when exposed to air and sulfur. Tarnish is a chemical reaction on the surface of metal (copper, brass, silver, etc.) and causes a layer of ...

  3. Oxidizing and reducing flames - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidizing_and_reducing_flames

    With some exceptions (e.g., platinum soldering in jewelry), the oxidizing flame is usually undesirable for welding and soldering, since, as its name suggests, it oxidizes the metal's surface. [2] The same principle is important in firing pottery.

  4. Tarnish - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarnish

    Tungsten rods with evaporated crystals, partially oxidized with colorful tarnish. Tarnish is a thin layer of corrosion that forms over copper, brass, aluminum, magnesium, neodymium and other similar metals as their outermost layer undergoes a chemical reaction. [1] Tarnish does not always result from the sole effects of oxygen in the air.

  5. How To Clean Copper For Tarnish-Free Shine - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/clean-copper-tarnish-free...

    There are several solutions you can use to clean copper for regular maintenance or even badly oxidized copper. “Our favorite thing to use on brass is Bar Keeper’s Friend,” says McAllister ...

  6. Black oxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_oxide

    The NaOH (caustic soda) and elevated temperature cause Fe 3 O 4 (black oxide) to form on the surface of the metal instead of Fe 2 O 3 (red oxide; rust). While it is physically denser than red oxide, the fresh black oxide is porous, so oil is then applied as post treatment to the heated part, which seals it by "sinking" into it.

  7. How to Properly Clean Brass, According to an Expert - AOL

    www.aol.com/properly-clean-brass-according...

    Examine each of your brass pieces to see if they need a deep clean or if a thorough polish will do the trick. Upon first impression, you may think those antique candlesticks may need a lot of love ...

  8. Bronze - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze

    Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals (such as phosphorus) or metalloids (such as arsenic or silicon).

  9. Smelting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smelting

    A reducing environment (often provided by carbon monoxide, made by incomplete combustion in an air-starved furnace) pulls the final oxygen atoms from the raw metal. The carbon source acts as a chemical reactant to remove oxygen from the ore, yielding the purified metal element as a product. The carbon source is oxidized in two stages.