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  2. Activation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activation

    In chemistry, "activation" refers to the reversible transition of a molecule into a nearly identical chemical or physical state, with the defining characteristic being that this resultant state exhibits an increased propensity to undergo a specified chemical reaction.

  3. Activated complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_complex

    In chemistry, an activated complex represents a collection of intermediate structures in a chemical reaction when bonds are breaking and forming. The activated complex is an arrangement of atoms in an arbitrary region near the saddle point of a potential energy surface. [1]

  4. List of dimensionless quantities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dimensionless...

    chemistry (Proportion of "active" molecules or atoms) Arrhenius number = Svante Arrhenius: chemistry (ratio of activation energy to thermal energy) [1] Atomic weight: M: chemistry (mass of one atom divided by the atomic mass constant, 1 Da) Bodenstein number: Bo or Bd

  5. Collision theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision_theory

    Collision theory is a principle of chemistry used to predict the rates of chemical reactions. It states that when suitable particles of the reactant hit each other with the correct orientation, only a certain amount of collisions result in a perceptible or notable change; these successful changes are called successful collisions.

  6. Geography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography

    Geography is an all-encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding of Earth and its human and natural complexities—not merely where objects are, but also how they have changed and come to be. While geography is specific to Earth, many concepts can be applied more broadly to other celestial bodies in the field of planetary science. [2]

  7. Gating (electrophysiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gating_(electrophysiology)

    Activation is the process of opening the activation gate, which occurs in response to the voltage inside the cell membrane (the membrane potential) becoming more positive with respect to the outside of the cell (depolarization), and 'deactivation' is the opposite process of the activation gate closing in response to the inside of the membrane ...

  8. Activation energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activation_energy

    In the Arrhenius model of reaction rates, activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that must be available to reactants for a chemical reaction to occur. [1] The activation energy ( E a ) of a reaction is measured in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol). [ 2 ]

  9. Active ester - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_ester

    Activation can be imparted by modifications of the acyl or the alkoxy components of a normal ester, say ethyl acetate. Typical modifications call for electronegative substituents. Active esters are employed in both synthetic and biological chemistry. Acetyl CoA is the prototypical active ester in biosynthesis.