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A sworn declaration used in place of an affidavit must be specifically authorized by statute. The federal courts and a few states have general statutes allowing a sworn declaration in any matter where an affidavit can be used. [2] [3] In other cases, sworn statements are allowed for some purposes, but not others. [4]
in prosecutions for misdemeanors, the court may permit arraignment, plea, trial, and imposition of sentence in the defendant's absence with his or her written consent, and; the defendant need not be present at a conference or argument upon a question of law or at a reduction of sentence under Rule 35 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.
For example, in the dying declaration of Clifton Chambers in 1988, he stated that ten years earlier, he had helped his son bury a man whom the son had killed by accident. The statement was sufficient cause to justify a warrant for a search on the son's property, and the man's body was indeed found.
The Supreme Court has further clarified that a "statement" refers to "a single declaration or remark, rather than a report or narrative". [3] Thus, a trial court must separately analyze each individual statement, "sentence-by-sentence", [4] rather than analyzing the narrative as whole for hearsay content or exceptions.
In Canada, each juror has the choice to take either an oath or affirmation. The oath/affirmation states something to the effect of: Do you swear to well and truly try and true deliverance make between our sovereign lady the Queen, and the accused at the bar, who you shall have in charge, and a true verdict give, according to the evidence, so help you God?
An order to show cause is a type of court order that requires one or more of the parties to a case to justify, explain, or prove something to the court.Courts commonly use orders to show cause when the judge needs more information before deciding whether or not to issue an order requested by one of the parties. [1]
Nolle prosequi, [a] abbreviated nol or nolle pros, is legal Latin meaning "to be unwilling to pursue". [3] [4] It is a type of prosecutorial discretion in common law, used for prosecutors' declarations that they are voluntarily ending a criminal case before trial or before a verdict is rendered; [5] it is a kind of motion to dismiss and contrasts with an involuntary dismissal.
Jury instructions, also known as charges or directions, are a set of legal guidelines given by a judge to a jury in a court of law.They are an important procedural step in a trial by jury, and as such are a cornerstone of criminal process in many common law countries.