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Phenylpropanolamine was first synthesized in the early 20th century, in or around 1910. [21] [11] It was patented as a mydriatic in 1913. [21] The pressor effects of phenylpropanolamine were characterized in the late 1920s and the 1930s. [21] Phenylpropanolamine was first introduced for medical use by the 1930s. [23] [11]
The muscle which can 'cancel' or to some degree reverse the action of the muscle. Muscle synergies are noted in parentheses when relevant. O (Occurrences) Number of times that the named muscle row occurs in a standard human body. Here it may also be denoted when a given muscles only occurs in a male or a female body.
The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture, and circulates blood throughout the body. [1] The muscular systems in vertebrates are controlled through the nervous system although some muscles (such as the cardiac muscle) can be
Norephedrine (phenylpropanolamine) is an active metabolite of ephedrine formed via N-demethylation. [ 6 ] [ 10 ] About 8 to 20% of an oral dose of ephedrine is demethylated into norephedrine, about 4 to 13% is oxidatively deaminated into benzoic acid , and a small fraction is converted into 1,2-dihydroxy-1-phenylpropane.
Alpha adrenoreceptor ligands mimic the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine signaling in the heart, smooth muscle and central nervous system, with norepinephrine being the highest affinity. The activation of α 1 stimulates the membrane bound enzyme phospholipase C , and activation of α 2 inhibits the enzyme adenylate cyclase .
This is a list of human anatomy mnemonics, categorized and alphabetized.For mnemonics in other medical specialties, see this list of medical mnemonics.Mnemonics serve as a systematic method for remembrance of functionally or systemically related items within regions of larger fields of study, such as those found in the study of specific areas of human anatomy, such as the bones in the hand ...
Bimagrumab, an experimental drug, works by inhibiting the action of myostatin, which limits the size of skeletal muscle. The drug has shown the ability to increase lean mass simultaneously to decreasing fat mass in obese humans, which is beneficial because it preserves or increases energy expenditure while reducing risks associated with excess fat.
Bipennate muscle is stronger than both unipennate muscle and fusiform muscle, due to a larger physiological cross-sectional area. Bipennate muscle shortens less than unipennate muscle but develops greater tension when it does, translated into greater power but less range of motion. Pennate muscles generally also tire easily.