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The two heads of each muscle form a central tendon which passes forwards deep to the deep transverse metatarsal ligament. [1] The tendons are inserted on the bases of the second, third, and fourth proximal phalanges [2] and into the aponeurosis of the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus [3] without attaching to the extensor hoods of the toes.
Since the intersseous muscles cross on the metatarsophalangeal joint, then they act on that specific joint and cause adduction of toes III, IV, and V. [1] Adduction itself is not of extreme importance to the toes, but these muscles work together with the dorsal interosseous muscles in flexion of the foot.
The interosseous muscles of the foot are muscles found near the metatarsal bones that help to control the toes. They are considered voluntary muscles. They are generally divided into two sets: 4 Dorsal interossei - Abduct the digits away from the 2nd digit (away from axial line) and are bipennate.
It passes down the forearm on the palmar surface of the interosseous membrane. [2]It is accompanied by the palmar interosseous branch of the median nerve, and overlapped by the contiguous margins of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles, giving off in this situation muscular branches, and the nutrient arteries of the radius and ulna.
The posterior interosseous artery passes backward between the oblique cord and the upper border of the interosseous membrane.It appears between the contiguous borders of supinator muscle and the abductor pollicis longus muscle, and runs down the back of the forearm between the superficial and deep layers of muscles, to both of which it distributes branches.
Flexor digitorum profundus originates in the upper 3/4 of the anterior and medial surfaces of the ulna, interosseous membrane and deep fascia of the forearm. The muscle fans out into four tendons (one to each of the second to fifth fingers) to the palmar base of the distal phalanx.
The abductor digiti minimi arises from the pisiform bone, the pisohamate ligament, and the flexor retinaculum. [1]Its distal tendon ends in three slips that are inserted into the ulnopalmar margin of the proximal phalanx, the palmar plate of the metacarpophalangeal joint, and the sesamoid bone when present.
The lumbricals are intrinsic muscles of the hand that flex the metacarpophalangeal joints, [1] and extend the interphalangeal joints. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The lumbrical muscles of the foot also have a similar action, though they are of less clinical concern.