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The word Midrash, especially if capitalized, can refer to a specific compilation of these rabbinic writings composed between 400 and 1200 CE. [1] [10] According to Gary Porton and Jacob Neusner, midrash has three technical meanings: Judaic biblical interpretation; the method used in interpreting; a collection of such interpretations. [11]
Between 1969 and 2000, a number of "strategies" were devised for teaching students to employ self-guided methods for improving reading comprehension. In 1969 Anthony V. Manzo designed and found empirical support for the Re Quest, or Reciprocal Questioning Procedure , in traditional teacher-centered approach due to its sharing of "cognitive ...
In contrast, a closed text leads the reader to one intended interpretation. The concept of the open text comes from Umberto Eco 's collection of essays The Role of the Reader , [ 1 ] but it is also derivative of Roland Barthes 's distinction between 'readerly' ( lisible ) and 'writerly' (scriptible) texts as set out in his 1968 essay, " The ...
Usually, readers will be aware of only the first interpretation. Educated readers though, spontaneously think about the arrow of time but inhibit that interpretation because it deviates from the original phrase and the temporal lobe acts as a switch. Instances of ambiguity can be classified as local or global ambiguities. A sentence is globally ...
Reading was no longer viewed solely as educational or as a sacred source of religion; it was a form of entertainment. [11] Literary criticism was influenced by the values and stylistic writing, including clear, bold, precise writing and the more controversial criteria of the author's religious beliefs. [ 12 ]
The latter, who put the text in control, derive commonalities of response, obviously, from the literary work itself. The most fundamental difference among reader-response critics is probably, then, between those who regard individual differences among readers' responses as important and those who try to get around them.
Here, Adler sets forth his method for reading a non-fiction book in order to gain understanding. He claims that three distinct approaches, or readings, must all be made in order to get the most possible out of a book, but that performing these three levels of readings does not necessarily mean reading the book three times, as the experienced reader will be able to do all three in the course of ...
In literary criticism, close reading is the careful, sustained interpretation of a brief passage of a text. A close reading emphasizes the single and the particular over the general, via close attention to individual words, the syntax, the order in which the sentences unfold ideas, as well as formal structures. [1]