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Animals, including humans, can convert cyanocobalamin to any one of the active vitamin B 12 compounds. [21] Cyanocobalamin is one of the most widely manufactured vitamers in the vitamin B 12 family (the family of chemicals that function as B 12 when put into the body), because cyanocobalamin is the most air-stable of the B 12 forms. [22]
Medications: long-term use of certain medications can result in poor absorption of dietary vitamin B 12. [1] These include medications to treat heartburn, and metformin to treat diabetes. [132] [133] A genetic disorder, transcobalamin II deficiency, or Imerslund–Gräsbeck syndrome can be a cause. Nitrous oxide exposure, and recreational use ...
"B12" and "Cbl" redirect here. For other uses of B12, see B12 (disambiguation). For the musical group, see Carbon Based Lifeforms. Pharmaceutical compound Vitamin B12 General skeletal formula of cobalamins Stick model of cyanocobalamin (R = CN) based on the crystal structure Clinical data Other names Vitamin B12, vitamin B-12, cobalamin AHFS / Drugs.com Monograph MedlinePlus a605007 License ...
Pernicious anemia is a disease where not enough red blood cells are produced due to a deficiency of vitamin B 12. [5] Those affected often have a gradual onset. [5] The most common initial symptoms are feeling tired and weak. [4]
Common, most foods do not contain vitamin D, indicating that a deficiency will occur unless people get sunlight exposure or eat manufactured foods purposely fortified with vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is a known cause of rickets, and has been linked to numerous other health problems. [46] [47] Vitamin E deficiency
Skin cancer may occur following ionizing radiation exposure following a latent period averaging 20 to 40 years. [41] [42] A chronic radiation keratosis is a precancerous keratotic skin lesion that may arise on the skin many years after exposure to ionizing radiation.
The most common reason for long-term exposure is contaminated drinking water. [3] Groundwater most often becomes contaminated naturally; however, contamination may also occur from mining or agriculture. [1] It may also be found in the soil and air. [5] Recommended levels in water are less than 10–50 μg/L (10–50 parts per billion). [1]
Health effects of pesticides may be acute or delayed in those who are exposed. [1] Acute effects can include pesticide poisoning, which may be a medical emergency. [2] Strong evidence exists for other, long-term negative health outcomes from pesticide exposure including birth defects, fetal death, [3] neurodevelopmental disorder, [4] cancer, and neurologic illness including Parkinson's disease ...