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Methods of weld testing and analysis are used to assure the quality and correctness of the weld after it is completed. This term generally refers to testing and analysis focused on the quality and strength of the weld but may refer to technological actions to check for the presence, position, and extent of welds.
Many metals and thermoplastics can be welded, but some are easier to weld than others (see Rheological weldability). A material's weldability is used to determine the welding process and to compare the final weld quality to other materials. Weldability is often hard to define quantitatively, so most standards define it qualitatively.
Structural steel welding - Welding of steel structures AS/NZS 1554.2: Structural steel welding - Stud welding (steel studs to steel) AS/NZS 1554.3: Structural steel welding - Welding of reinforcing steel AS/NZS 1554.4: Structural steel welding - Welding of high strength quenched and tempered steels AS/NZS 1554.5
The AWS defines welding PQR as a record of welding variables used to produce an acceptable test weldment and the results of tests conducted on the weldment to qualify a Welding Procedure Specification. For steel construction (civil engineering structures) AWS D1.1 is a widely used standard.
The main part of the welder's test consists of welding one or more test coupons which are then examined using non-destructive and destructive methods. The extent of certification is described by a number of variables, which include the specific welding process, type of deposited metal, thickness, joint design, position, backing, and others.
The AISI 304 stainless steel has higher strength than the aluminum alloy. Hence, the formation of flashes was restricted to AA1050 aluminum only. [49] Rods Aluminium AA1050 and AISI 304 Stainless steel afret tensile test. [49] On this photo rupture occurring on aluminium site away from the bonding interface. Tungsten - steel weld. [50]
Metric threaded rods are marked on the end with a color code to define the ISO strength class. The color codes are: [9] Unmarked — 4.6 class (tensile strength = 400 N/mm 2, yield strength 240 N/mm 2) Yellow — 8.8 class (800 N/mm 2, 640 N/mm 2) Green — A2 stainless steel (304) Red — A4 stainless steel (316) White — 10.9 class (1000 N ...
Under cyclic loading these defects can grow a fatigue crack, causing the assembly to fail even if these cyclic stresses are low and smaller than the base material and weld filler material yield stress. [1] Hence, the fatigue strength of a welded joint does not correlate to the fatigue strength of the base material. [1]