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In addition to those benign conditions cramps are also associated with many pathological conditions. [2] [6] Cramp definition is narrower than the definition of muscle spasm: spasms include any involuntary abnormal muscle contractions, while cramps are sustained and painful. [1] [7] True cramps can be distinguished from other cramp-like conditions.
A spasm is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle, [1] a group of muscles, or a hollow organ, such as the bladder. A spasmodic muscle contraction may be caused by many medical conditions, including dystonia. Most commonly, it is a muscle cramp which is accompanied by a sudden burst of pain. A muscle cramp is usually harmless and ceases ...
Cramp fasciculation syndrome (CFS) is a rare [1] peripheral nerve hyperexcitability disorder. It is more severe than the related (and common) disorder known as benign fasciculation syndrome ; it causes fasciculations , cramps, pain, fatigue, and muscle stiffness similar to those seen in neuromyotonia (another related condition). [ 2 ]
Muscle cramps, also known as muscle spasms or charley horses, are the involuntary contraction of muscle fibers, says Dr. Lucas Buchler, a physician of sports medicine and orthopaedic surgery at ...
Cadaveric spasm can be distinguished from rigor mortis as the former is a stronger stiffening of the muscles that cannot be easily undone, while rigor mortis can. [ 2 ] The cause is unknown but is usually associated with violent deaths under extreme physical circumstances with intense emotion , such as the circumstances associated with death ...
Muscle stiffness may also be present; if muscle weakness is not also present, and cramps are more severe, the stiffness may be categorized instead as cramp fasciculation syndrome. [3] Cramp fasciculation is a variant of BFS which presents with muscle pain and exercise intolerance. [2] [4]
On the mild part of the spectrum, cramps, spasms, and even tetany are often temporary and nonsevere. On the moderate to severe parts of the spectrum are dystonia, trismus, pathologic tetanus, and other movement disorders featuring involuntary sustained strong contractions of skeletal muscle. [citation needed]
Charley horses have many possible causes directly resulting from high or low pH or substrate concentrations in the blood, including hormonal imbalances, dehydration, low levels of magnesium, potassium, or calcium (evidence has been mixed), [5] [6] [7] side effects of medication, or, more seriously, diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and neuropathy. [8]