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The Samudera Pasai Sultanate (Malay: كسلطانن سامودرا ڤاساي ), also known as Samudera or Pasai or Samudera Darussalam or Pacem, was a Muslim kingdom on the north coast of Sumatra from the 13th to the 16th centuries.
Subversion as Foreign Policy: The Secret Eisenhower and Dulles Debacle in Indonesia. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-29597-618-7. Kahin, George McT (1994). "The Impact of American Foreign Policy". Democracy in Indonesia: 1950s and 1990s (Editors: David Bourchier and John Legge): 63–73. Kahin, George McT. (October 1989).
Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia (1975b) 30 Tahun Indonesia Merdeka: Jilid 3 (1965–1973) (30 Years of Indonesian Independence: Volume 3 (1965–1973)) Simanjuntak, P. N. H. (2003). Kabinet-Kabinet Republik Indonesia: Dari Awal Kemerdekaan Sampai Reformasi [Cabinets of the Republic of Indonesia: From Independence to Reformation] (in ...
The earliest evidence of Islamised populations in Indonesia dates to the 13th century in northern Sumatra; other Indonesian areas gradually adopted Islam, which became the dominant religion in Java and Sumatra by the end of the 16th century. [3] For the most part, Islam overlaid and mixed with existing cultural and religious influences.
The presence of foreign Muslims in Indonesia does not, however, demonstrate a significant level of local conversion or the establishment of local Islamic states. [8]: 3 The most reliable evidence of the early spread of Islam in Indonesia comes from inscriptions on tombstones and a limited number of travellers’ accounts. The earliest legibly ...
8 December 1944 – 3 June 1947: Country: Dutch East Indies and Indonesia: Allegiance: Masyumi Party: Type: Infantry: Role: Reserve force for the Defenders of the Homeland in defending the Japanese-occupied Dutch East Indies from Allied invasion and as a Paramilitary force: Size: ≈ 25,000 men (in 1945) Garrison/HQ: Cibarusah, Bekasi, West ...
The demarcation of the border between Indonesia and East Timor has been fought over by various parties for 350 years. The first attempts to define it precisely were made by the colonial powers of the Netherlands and Portugal with the Treaty of Lisbon in 1859, but it was not until the Permanent Court of Arbitration's award of 25 June 1914 that ...
Jews in Indonesia presently form a very small Jewish community of about 500–1,000, from a nadir of about 20 in 1997. [2] Judaism is not recognized as one of the country's six major religions, however its practices are allowed under Perpres 1965 No. 1 and article 29 paragraph 2 of the Constitution of Indonesia. [3]