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  2. Iron Cross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Cross

    War flag of Prussia (1816). The Black Cross (Schwarzes Kreuz) is the emblem used by the Prussian Army and Germany's army from 1871 to the present.It was designed on the occasion of the German Campaign of 1813, when Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia commissioned the Iron Cross as the first military decoration open to all ranks, including enlisted men.

  3. Cross pattée - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_pattée

    A sample of variants of the cross pattée Image Description With the edges of the arms concave throughout. Best known for its use as the Iron Cross, based on the Leechkirche [] of the Teutonic Order (), used as a symbol of the German Empire that was present in its War Ensign and war materiel, including on Luftstreitkräfte aircraft until April 1918 when the Balkenkreuz was introduced.

  4. Christian cross variants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_cross_variants

    Also called a crux ansata, meaning "cross with a handle". Coptic cross: The original Coptic cross has its origin in the Coptic ankh. As depicted in Rudolf Koch's The Book of Signs (1933). New Coptic cross This new Coptic cross is the cross currently used by the Coptic Catholic Church and the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. It evolved from ...

  5. Teutonic Order - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonic_Order

    The Teutonic Order is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society c. 1190 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem.The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem was formed to aid Christians on their pilgrimages to the Holy Land and to establish hospitals.

  6. Coventry Cross of Nails - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry_Cross_of_Nails

    A Coventry Cross of Nails (in German, Nagelkreuz von Coventry) is a Christian cross made from iron nails, employed as a symbol of peace and reconciliation. The original version was made from three large medieval nails salvaged from the Coventry Cathedral after the building was severely damaged by German bombs on 14 November 1940, during the ...

  7. Ecclesiastical heraldry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesiastical_heraldry

    In the Catholic Church, display of a cross behind the shield is restricted to bishops and archbishops as a mark of their dignity. [38] The cross of an ordinary bishop has a single horizontal bar or traverse, also known as a Latin cross. A patriarch uses the patriarchal cross with two traverses, also called the cross of Lorraine. The papal cross ...

  8. German Cross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Cross

    The award of the German Cross was not a prerequisite for the award of the Knight's Cross of either the Iron Cross or War Merit Cross, and the German Cross could be awarded to Knight's Cross holders. [6] While civilians were not eligible, awards could be made to members of uniformed formations including the police and railway workers. [7]

  9. Crosses in heraldry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosses_in_heraldry

    Flags with crosses are recorded from the later Middle Ages, e.g. in the early 14th century the insignia cruxata comunis of the city of Genoa, the red-on-white cross that would later become known as St George's Cross, and the white-on-red cross of the Reichssturmfahne used as the war flag of the Holy Roman Emperor possibly from the early 13th ...