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Industrial gas – Gaseous materials produced for use in industry; Air separation – Chemical process; Natural-gas processing – Industrial processes designed to purify raw natural gas; Solid sorbents for carbon capture – Solid materials that can adsorb carbon dioxide from air.
VSA typically draws the gas through the separation process with a vacuum. For oxygen and nitrogen VSA systems, the vacuum is typically generated by a blower. Hybrid vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) systems also exist. VPSA systems apply pressurized gas to the separation process and also apply a vacuum to the purge gas.
This cost is the same for all types of CO 2 capture/separation processes such as membrane separation and absorption. [10] In terms of dollars per ton of captured CO 2, the least expensive membrane processes being studied at this time are multi-step counter-current flow/sweep processes. [29] [10] [35] [36] [33] [34]
Zeolites are applied in drying of process air, CO 2 removal from natural gas, CO removal from reforming gas, air separation, catalytic cracking, and catalytic synthesis and reforming. Non-polar (siliceous) zeolites are synthesized from aluminum-free silica sources or by dealumination of aluminum-containing zeolites.
A natural-gas processing plant in Aderklaa, Austria. Natural-gas processing is a range of industrial processes designed to purify raw natural gas by removing contaminants such as solids, water, carbon dioxide (CO 2), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), mercury and higher molecular mass hydrocarbons to produce pipeline quality dry natural gas [1] for pipeline distribution and final use. [2]
The adsorption gas separation process in nitrogen generators is based on the phenomenon of fixing various gas mixture components by a solid substance called an adsorbent. This phenomenon is brought about by the gas and adsorbent molecules' interaction. [1]
Today, there exist three methods of arranging the adsorption-based air separation process with the use of swing technologies: pressure (PSA), vacuum (VSA) and mixed (VPSA) ones. In the pressure swing adsorption flow processes, oxygen is recovered under above-atmospheric pressure and regeneration is achieved under atmospheric pressure.
The amount of adsorbed gas depends on pressure, temperature and adsorbent type. Since this adsorption process is exothermic, an increase in pressure or a decrease in temperature enhances the efficiency of the adsorption process. It is possible to mix the ANG and CNG technology to reach an increased capacity of natural gas storage.