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An inotrope [help 1] or inotropic is a drug or any substance that alters the force or energy of muscular contractions. Negatively inotropic agents weaken the force of muscular contractions. Positively inotropic agents increase the strength of muscular contraction.
Their inotropic properties make cardiactonic agents critical in addressing inadequate perfusion, and acute heart failure conditions including cardiogenic shock, as well as for long-term management of heart failure. These conditions arise when the heart's ability to meet the body's needs is compromised.
Lusitropy or lucitropy is the rate of myocardial relaxation. The increase in cytosolic calcium of cardiomyocytes via increased uptake leads to increased myocardial contractility (positive inotropic effect), but the myocardial relaxation, or lusitropy, decreases.
An ionotropic effect is the effect of a transmitter substance or hormone that activates or deactivates ionotropic receptors (ligand-gated ion channels).The effect can be either positive or negative, specifically a depolarization or a hyperpolarization respectively.
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In 1897 Engelmann introduced four Greek terms to describe key physiological properties of the heart: inotropy, [4] the ability to contract; chronotropy, the ability to initiate an electrical impulse; dromotropy, the ability to conduct an electrical impulse; and bathmotropy, the ability to respond to direct mechanical stimulation.
Medical gas therapy is a treatment involving the administration of various gases. It has been used in medicine since the use of oxygen therapy . [ 1 ] Most of these gases are drugs, including oxygen. [ 2 ]
Epinephrine (adrenaline). Activation of β 1 receptors induces positive inotropic, chronotropic output of the cardiac muscle, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure, secretion of ghrelin from the stomach, and renin release from the kidneys.