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Glulam brace with plates used for connections Glulam frame of a roof structure. Glued laminated timber, commonly referred to as glulam, is a type of structural engineered wood product constituted by layers of dimensional lumber bonded together with durable, moisture-resistant structural adhesives so that all of the grain runs parallel to the longitudinal axis.
The products are very stable and some offer greater structural strength than typical wood building materials. [47] Glued laminated timber has greater strength and stiffness than comparable dimensional lumber and, pound for pound, is stronger than steel. [3] Engineered wood panels are easy to work with using ordinary tools and basic skills.
Difficulties in acquiring valley oak wood as well as issues stemming from its drying such as cracking and warping have shifted its consumption from a general purpose lumber to a primarily niche product. [10] Valley oak wood has a small, but significant market for use in cabinetry though, and is also suitable for hardwood flooring. [10]
Hardwood from deciduous species, such as oak, normally shows annual growth rings, but these may be absent in some tropical hardwoods. [3] Hardwoods have a more complex structure than softwoods and are often much slower growing as a result. The dominant feature separating "hardwoods" from softwoods is the presence of pores, or vessels. [4]
Live oak was widely used in early American butt shipbuilding.Because of the trees' short height and low-hanging branches, lumber from live oaks was used in curved parts of the frame, such as knee braces (single-piece, L-shaped braces that spring inward from the side and support the deck), in which the grain runs perpendicular to structural stress, making for exceptional strength.
Solid wood is a term most commonly used to distinguish between ordinary lumber and engineered wood, but it also refers to structures that do not have hollow spaces. Engineered wood products are manufactured by binding together wood strands, fibers , or veneers with adhesives to form a composite material .